Near-perfect absorption of a honeycomb metasurface through QBICs.

All-dielectric high-Q metasurface absorbers based on quasi-bound states in the continuum (QBICs) are essential for optical and photonic devices. However, achieving perfect absorption requires adding back reflectors at the bottom or placing at least four asymmetric elements in each unit of monolayer metasurfaces, which will increase the design complexity. This work proposes a honeycomb structure with units periodically arranged as a hexagonal lattice. Each unit cell is made of two nanopost elements. By only tuning the radius difference of two elements to break the in-plane symmetry, two orthogonal QBIC modes corresponding to toroidal dipole (TD) and electric dipole (ED) modes are excited, respectively. The maximum absorption reaches 92.3% at 955 nm with a Q factor of 1501, breaking the monolayer limit of 50% by the degenerate critical coupling. Our work may provide a promising route for designing high-Q all-dielectric metasurface absorbers applied in ultrafast optoelectronic devices.

[Effect of Naotaifang on microglial polarization and glial scar following cerebral ischemia reperfusion injury].

This study aims to investigate the effect of Naotaifang(NTF) on the proteins associated with microglial polarization and glial scar in the rat model of cerebral ischemia reperfusion injury(CIRI). The CIRI model was established by middle cerebral artery occlusion/reperfusion. The 48 successfully modeled rats were randomized into model 7 d, model 14 d, NTF 7 d, and NTF 14 d groups(n=12). In addition, 12 SD rats were selected as the sham group. The NTF group was administrated with NTF suspension at 27 g·kg~(-1)·d~(-1) by gavage, and the sham, model 7 d, and model 14 d groups were administrated with the same volume of normal saline every day by gavage for 7 and 14 days, respectively. After the intervention, Longa score was evaluated. The infarct volume was measured by 2,3,5-triphenyl-2H-tetrazolium chloride(TTC) staining. Morris water maze and open field tests were carried out to evaluate the spatial learning, memory, cognitive function, and anxiety degree of rats. Hematoxylin-eosin(HE) staining was employed to observe the morphological structure and damage of the brain tissue. The immunofluorescence assay was employed to measure the expression of glial fibrillary acidic protein(GFAP) and glial scar. Western blot was employed to determine the protein levels of GFAP, neurocan, phosphacan, CD206, arginase-1(Arg-1), interleukin(IL)-1ß, IL-6, and IL-4. Compared with the sham, model 7 d and model 14 d groups showed cerebral infarction of different degrees, severe pathological injury of cerebral cortex and hippocampus, neurological impairment, reduced spatial learning and memory, cognitive dysfunction, severe anxiety, astrocyte hyperplasia, thickening penumbra glial scar, and up-regulated protein levels of IL-1ß, IL-6, GFAP, neurocan, phosphacan, CD206, and Arg-1(P<0.01). Compared with the model group, NTF 7 d and NTF 14 d groups improved spatial learning, memory, and cognitive function, reduced anxiety, improved nerve function, reduced cerebral infarction volume, reduced astrocyte hyperplasia, thinned penumbra glial scar, down-regulated the protein levels of GFAP, neurocan, phosphacan, IL-6, and IL-1ß, and up-regulated the protein levels of IL-4, CD206, and Arg-1(P<0.05 or P<0.01). NTF exerts a neuroprotective effect on CIRI by inducing the M2 polarization of microglia, inhibiting inflammatory response, and reducing the formation of glial scar.

Physiological, Metabolic, and Transcriptomic Analyses Reveal Mechanisms of Proliferation and Somatic Embryogenesis of Litchi (Litchi chinensis Sonn.) Embryogenic Callus Promoted by D-Arginine Treatment.

D-arginine (D-Arg) can promote embryogenic callus (EC) proliferation and increase the rate of somatic embryo induction of litchi (Litchi chinensis Sonn.), yet the mechanism underlying the processes is incompletely understood. To investigate the mechanism, physiological responses of polyamines (PAs) [putrescine (Put), spermidine (Spd), and spermine (Spm)] were investigated for D-Arg-treated litchi EC and enzyme activity related to polyamine metabolism, plant endogenous hormones, and polyamine- and embryogenic-related genes were explored. Results showed that the exogenous addition of D-Arg reduces the activity of diamine oxidase (DAO) and polyamine oxidase (PAO) in EC, reduces the production of H2O2, promotes EC proliferation, and increases the (Spd + Spm)/Put ratio to promote somatic embryo induction. Exogenous D-Arg application promoted somatic embryogenesis (SE) by increasing indole-3-acetyl glycine (IAA-Gly), kinetin-9-glucoside (K9G), and dihydrozeatin-7-glucoside (DHZ7G) levels and decreasing trans-zeatin riboside (tZR), N-[(-)-jasmonoyl]-(L)-valine (JA-Val), jasmonic acid (JA), and jasmonoyl-L-isoleucine (Ja-ILE) levels on 18 d, as well as promoting cell division and differentiation. The application of exogenous D-Arg regulated EC proliferation and somatic embryo induction by altering gene expression levels of the WRKY family, AP2/ERF family, C3H family, and C2H2 family. These results indicate that exogenous D-Arg could regulate the proliferation of EC and the SE induction of litchi by changing the biosynthesis of PAs through the alteration of gene expression pattern and endogenous hormone metabolism.

Distribution of pathogenic bacteria and antimicrobial sensitivity of eye infections in Suzhou.

AIM: To investigate the types of bacteria in patients with eye infections in Suzhou and their drug resistance to commonly used antibacterial drugs. METHODS: The clinical data of 155 patients were retrospectively collected in this study, and the pathogenic bacteria species and drug resistance of each pathogenic bacteria were analyzed. RESULTS: Among the 155 patients (age from 12 to 87 years old, with an average age of 57, 99 males and 56 females) with eye infections (160 eyes: 74 in the left eye, 76 in the right eye and 5 in both eyes, all of which were exogenous), 71 (45.81%) strains were gram-positive bacteria, 23 (14.84%) strains were gram-negative bacteria and 61 (39.35%) strains were fungi. Gram-positive bacteria were highly resistant to penicillin and erythromycin (78.87% and 46.48% respectively), but least resistant to vancomycin at 0. Gram-negative bacteria were highly resistant to cefoxitin and compound sulfamethoxazole (100% and 95.65% respectively), but least resistant to meropenem at 0. Comparison of the resistance of gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria to some drugs revealed statistically significant differences (P<0.05) in the resistance of both to cefoxitin, cotrimoxazole, levofloxacin, cefuroxime, ceftriaxone and ceftazidime, and both had higher rates of resistance to gram-negative bacteria than to gram-positive bacteria. The distribution of bacterial infection strains showed that Staphylococcus epidermidis was the most common strain in the conjunctiva, cornea, aqueous humor or vitreous body and other eye parts. Besides, Fusarium and Pseudomonas aeruginosa were also among the most common strains of conjunctival and corneal infections. CONCLUSION: Gram-positive bacteria are the dominant bacteria in eye infections, followed by gram-negative bacteria and fungi. Considering the resistance of gram-negative bacteria to multiple drugs, monitoring of bacteria should be strengthened in eye bacterial infections for effective prevention and control to reduce complications caused by eye infections.

Antagonistic control of rice immunity against distinct pathogens by the two transcription modules via salicylic acid and jasmonic acid pathways.

Although the antagonistic effects of host resistance against biotrophic and necrotrophic pathogens have been documented in various plants, the underlying mechanisms are unknown. Here, we investigated the antagonistic resistance mediated by the transcription factor ETHYLENE-INSENSITIVE3-LIKE 3 (OsEIL3) in rice. The Oseil3 mutant confers enhanced resistance to the necrotroph Rhizoctonia solani but greater susceptibility to the hemibiotroph Magnaporthe oryzae and biotroph Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae. OsEIL3 directly activates OsERF040 transcription while repressing OsWRKY28 transcription. The infection of R. solani and M. oryzae or Xoo influences the extent of binding of OsEIL3 to OsWRKY28 and OsERF040 promoters, resulting in the repression or activation of both salicylic acid (SA)- and jasmonic acid (JA)-dependent pathways and enhanced susceptibility or resistance, respectively. These results demonstrate that the distinct effects of plant immunity to different pathogen types are determined by two transcription factor modules that control transcriptional reprogramming and the SA and JA pathways.

Single-cell analysis identifies critical regulators of spermatogonial development and differentiation in cattle-yak bulls.

Spermatogenesis is a continuous process in which functional sperm are produced through a series of mitotic and meiotic divisions and morphological changes in germ cells. The aberrant development and fate transitions of spermatogenic cells cause hybrid sterility in mammals. Cattle-yak, a hybrid animal between taurine cattle (Bos taurus) and yak (Bos grunniens), exhibits male-specific sterility due to spermatogenic failure. In the present study, we performed single-cell RNA sequencing analysis to identify differences in testicular cell composition and the developmental trajectory of spermatogenic cells between yak and cattle-yak. The composition and molecular signatures of spermatogonial subtypes were dramatically different between these 2 animals, and the expression of genes associated with stem cell maintenance, cell differentiation and meiotic entry was altered in cattle-yak, indicating the impairment of undifferentiated spermatogonial fate decisions. Cell communication analysis revealed that signaling within different spermatogenic cell subpopulations was weakened, and progenitor spermatogonia were unable or delayed receiving and sending signals for transformation to the next stage in cattle-yak. Simultaneously, the communication between niche cells and germ cells was also abnormal. Collectively, we obtained the expression profiles of transcriptome signatures of different germ cells and testicular somatic cell populations at the single-cell level and identified critical regulators of spermatogonial differentiation and meiosis in yak and sterile cattle-yak. The findings of this study shed light on the genetic mechanisms that lead to hybrid sterility and speciation in bovid species.

A Noncentrosymmetric Metal-Free Borophosphate: Achieving a Large Birefringence and Excellent Stability by Covalent-Linkage.

Organic-inorganic hybrid linear and nonlinear optical (NLO) materials have received increasingly wide spread attention in recent years. Herein, the first hybrid noncentrosymmetric (NCS) borophosphate, (C5H6N)2B2O(HPO4)2 (4PBP), is rationally designed and synthesized by a covalent-linkage strategy. 4-pyridyl-boronic acid (4 PB) is considered as a bifunctional unit, which may effectively improve the optical properties and stability of the resultant material. On the one hand, 4 PB units are covalently linked with PO3(OH) groups via strong B-O-P connections, which significantly enhances the thermal stability of 4PBP (decomposition at 321, vs lower 200 °C of most of hybrid materials). On the other hand, the planar π-conjugated C5H6N units and their uniform layered arrangements represent large structural anisotropy and hyperpolarizability, achieving the largest birefringence (0.156 @ 546 nm) in the reported borophosphates and a second-harmonic generation response (0.7 × KDP). 4PBP also exhibits a wide transparency range (0.27-1.50 µm). This work not only provides a promising birefringent material, but also offers a practical covalent-attachment strategy for the rational design of new high-performance optical materials.

Metalation of metal-organic frameworks: fundamentals and applications.

Metalation of metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) has been developed as a prominent strategy for materials functionalization for pore chemistry modulation and property optimization. By introducing exotic metal ions/complexes/nanoparticles onto/into the parent framework, many metallized MOFs have exhibited significantly improved performance in a wide range of applications. In this review, we focus on the research progress in the metalation of metal-organic frameworks during the last five years, spanning the design principles, synthetic strategies, and potential applications. Based on the crystal engineering principles, a minor change in the MOF composition through metalation would lead to leveraged variation of properties. This review starts from the general strategies established for the incorporation of metal species within MOFs, followed by the design principles to graft the desired functionality while maintaining the porosity of frameworks. Facile metalation has contributed a great number of bespoke materials with excellent performance, and we summarize their applications in gas adsorption and separation, heterogeneous catalysis, detection and sensing, and energy storage and conversion. The underlying mechanisms are also investigated by state-of-the-art techniques and analyzed for gaining insight into the structure-property relationships, which would in turn facilitate the further development of design principles. Finally, the current challenges and opportunities in MOF metalation have been discussed, and the promising future directions for customizing the next-generation advanced materials have been outlined as well.

High-altitude hypoxia exposure inhibits erythrophagocytosis by inducing macrophage ferroptosis in the spleen.

High-altitude polycythemia (HAPC) affects individuals living at high altitudes, characterized by increased red blood cells (RBCs) production in response to hypoxic conditions. The exact mechanisms behind HAPC are not fully understood. We utilized a mouse model exposed to hypobaric hypoxia (HH), replicating the environmental conditions experienced at 6000 m above sea level, coupled with in vitro analysis of primary splenic macrophages under 1% O2 to investigate these mechanisms. Our findings indicate that HH significantly boosts erythropoiesis, leading to erythrocytosis and splenic changes, including initial contraction to splenomegaly over 14 days. A notable decrease in red pulp macrophages (RPMs) in the spleen, essential for RBCs processing, was observed, correlating with increased iron release and signs of ferroptosis. Prolonged exposure to hypoxia further exacerbated these effects, mirrored in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Single-cell sequencing showed a marked reduction in macrophage populations, affecting the spleen's ability to clear RBCs and contributing to splenomegaly. Our findings suggest splenic ferroptosis contributes to decreased RPMs, affecting erythrophagocytosis and potentially fostering continuous RBCs production in HAPC. These insights could guide the development of targeted therapies for HAPC, emphasizing the importance of splenic macrophages in disease pathology.

[Characteristics of vegetation and soil in Caragana korshinskii plantations in the hilly and sandy areas of northwestern Shanxi Province, China]. / æ™‹è¥¿åŒ—ä¸˜é™µé£Žæ²™åŒºæŸ æ¡é”¦é¸¡å„¿äººå·¥æž—æ¤è¢«å’ŒåœŸå£¤éšæž—é¾„å˜åŒ–ç‰¹å¾.

We investigated the changes of soil nutrients and plant communities in the artificial sand fixation forests of Caragana korshinskii with different ages. The results showed that soil organic carbon and soil total nitrogen contents increased with the stand ages, and were significantly higher in 40 and 50 year-old than other ages. Soil organic carbon and total nitrogen contents recovered much faster in the surface layer (0-10 cm) than in others. Soil nutrient stoichiometric ratios (C:P, N:P) in the 0-10 cm soil layer differed significantly among different stand ages. With the increases of stand age, C and N contents in C. korshinskii leaves increased significantly, and reached the maximum at 50 year-old. Leaf P content increased first and then decreased, being maximum at 18 year-old. Leaf C:N first increased and then decreased, being maximum at 12 year-old. The contents of photosynthetic pigments and leaf C:P and N:P decreased first and then increased, being minimum at 18 year-old. C. korshinskii was mainly influenced by N availability before 40 year-old, but mainly limited by P after. The species number, density, and vegetation cover of annual and perennial herbaceous plants increased with stand ages, and the community shifted from a simple shrub plant community to a complex shrub-herb community. The biomass of C. korshinskii and herbaceous plants increased significantly with stand age, and had a significant positive correlation with the contents of soil organic carbon, total nitrogen and N:P.

Interference-induced generation of a chirp-free short isolated attosecond pulse in the water window region with multicolor laser fields.

Compensating for the intrinsic attosecond chirp (atto-chirp) of wideband high-order harmonics in the water window region is a significant challenge, in order to obtain isolated attosecond pulses (IAPs) with a width of tens of attoseconds (as). Here, we propose to realize the generation of IAP with duration as short as 20 as, central energy of 365 eV, and bandwidth exceeding 150 eV from chirp-free high harmonics generated by a four-color driving laser, without the necessity for atto-chirp compensation with natural materials. Unlike any other gating methods that an IAP arises from only one electron ionization event, we take advantage of the interference between harmonic radiation produced by multiple ionizing events. We further demonstrate that such chirp-free short IAP survives after taking account of macroscopic propagation effects. Given that the synthesized multicolor laser field can also effectively increase the harmonic flux, this work provides a practical way for experiments to generate the broad bandwidth chirp-free IAPs in the water window region.

Management of anastomotic biliary stricture through utilizing percutaneous transhepatic cholangioscopy.

AIM: Occurrence of anastomotic biliary stricture (AS) remains an essential issue following hepatobiliary surgeries, and percutaneous transhepatic cholangioscopy (PTCS) has great therapeutic significance in handling refractory AS for patients with altered gastrointestinal anatomy after cholangio-jejunostomy. This present study aimed to investigate feasibility of PTCS procedures in AS patients for therapeutic indications. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This study was a single-center, retrospective cohort study with a total number of 124 consecutive patients who received therapeutic PTCS due to AS. Clinical success rate, required number, and adverse events of therapeutic PTCS procedures as well as patients survival state were reviewed. RESULTS: These 124 patients previously underwent choledochojejunostomy or hepatico-jejunostomy, and there was post-surgical altered gastrointestinal anatomy. Overall, 366 therapeutic PTCS procedures were performed for these patients through applying rigid choledochoscope, and the median time of PTCS procedures was 3 (1-11). Among these patients, there were 34 cases (27.32%) accompanied by biliary strictures and 100 cases (80.65%) were also combined with biliary calculi. After therapeutic PTCS, most patients presented with relieved clinical manifestations and improved liver functions. The median time of follow-up was 26 months (2-86 months), and AS was successfully managed through PTCS procedures in 104 patients (83.87%). During the follow-up period, adverse events occurred in 81 cases (65.32%), most of which were tackled through supportive treatment. CONCLUSION: PTCS was a feasible, safe and effective therapeutic modality for refractory AS, which may be a promising alternative approach in clinical cases where the gastrointestinal anatomy was changed after cholangio-jejunostomy.

Mechanisms of chloride to promote the uptake and accumulation of cadmium in rice (Oryza sativa L.).

Cadmium (Cd) contamination in rice ecosystems posed a critical challenge to global food security and environmental health. This study aimed to unveil the key mechanisms trough hydroponic experiments by which chloride (Cl-) promoted the absorption and accumulation of cadmium (Cd) in rice plants. The findings elucidated that the addition of Cl- increased Cd uptake by rice roots (5.1 % âˆ¼ 61 %), acting both directly by enhancing root morphology and indirectly through regulating of the main transporter genes of Cd. The study unveiled that Cl- addition significantly improves Cd bioavailability in roots, which was discernible through the augmentation of Cd concentration and proportion in subcellular fractions, coupled with elevated energy values in key cellular components. Moreover, Cl- addition further augmented the intricate process of Cd transport from roots to shoots (16.1- 86.7 %), which was mainly attributed to the underexpression of OsHMA3 and the decrease in the formation of sulfuhydryl substances. This research provides a comprehensive understanding of the complex mechanisms governing Cd dynamics in rice plants in the presence of Cl-. By elucidating these processes, our findings not only contribute to fundamental knowledge in plant metal uptake but also hold promising implications for mitigating Cd contamination in rice cultivation systems.

Exploring the impact of high-altitude de-acclimatization on renal function: The roles of oxidative and endoplasmic reticulum stress in rat models.

BACKGROUND: High-altitude de-acclimatization (HADA) significantly impacts physiological functions when individuals acclimatize to high altitudes return to lower altitudes. This study investigates HADA's effects on renal function and structure in rats, focusing on oxidative and endoplasmic reticulum stress as potential mechanisms of renal injury. OBJECTIVE: To elucidate the pathophysiological mechanisms of renal damage in HADA and evaluate the efficacy of antioxidants Vitamin C (Vit C) and tauroursodeoxycholic acid (TUDCA) in mitigating these effects. METHODS: 88 male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into a control group, a high-altitude (HA) group, a high-altitude de-acclimatization (HADA) group, and a treatment group. The control group was housed in a sea level environment (500 m), while the HA, HADA, and treatment groups were placed in a simulated high-altitude chamber (5000 m) for 90 days. After this period, the HA group completed the modeling phase; the HADA group was further subdivided into four subgroups, each continuing to be housed in a sea level environment for 3, 7, 14, and 30 days, respectively. The treatment group was split into the Vit C group, the TUDCA group, and two placebo groups, receiving medication for 3 consecutive days, once daily upon return to the sea level. The Vit C group received 100 mg/kg Vit C solution via intravenous injection, the TUDCA group received 250 mg/kg TUDCA solution via intraperitoneal injection, and the placebo groups received an equivalent volume of saline similarly. Serum, urine, and kidney tissues were collected immediately after the modeling phase. Renal function and oxidative stress levels were assessed using biochemical and ELISA methods. Renal histopathology was observed with H&E, Masson's trichrome, PAS, and PASM staining. Transmission electron microscopy was used to examine the ultrastructure of glomeruli and filtration barrier. TUNEL staining assessed cortical apoptosis in the kidneys. Metabolomics was employed for differential metabolite screening and pathway enrichment analysis. RESULTS: Compared to the control and HA groups, the HADA 3-day group (HADA-3D) exhibited elevated renal function indicators, significant pathological damage, observable ultrastructural alterations including endoplasmic reticulum expansion and apoptosis. TUNEL-positive cells significantly increased, indicating heightened oxidative stress levels. Various differential metabolites were enriched in pathways related to oxidative and endoplasmic reticulum stress. Early intervention with Vit C and TUDCA markedly alleviated renal injury in HADA rats, significantly reducing the number of apoptotic cells, mitigating endoplasmic reticulum stress, and substantially lowering oxidative stress levels. CONCLUSION: This study elucidates the pivotal roles of oxidative and endoplasmic reticulum stress in the early-stage renal injury in rats undergoing HADA. Early intervention with the Vit C and TUDCA significantly mitigates renal damage caused by HADA. These findings provide insights into the pathophysiological mechanisms of HADA and suggest potential therapeutic strategies for its future management.

A fungal core effector exploits the OsPUX8B.2-OsCDC48-6 module to suppress plant immunity.

Proteins containing a ubiquitin regulatory X (UBX) domain are cofactors of Cell Division Cycle 48 (CDC48) and function in protein quality control. However, whether and how UBX-containing proteins participate in host-microbe interactions remain unclear. Here we show that MoNLE1, an effector from the fungal pathogen Magnaporthe oryzae, is a core virulence factor that suppresses rice immunity by specifically interfering with OsPUX8B.2. The UBX domain of OsPUX8B.2 is required for its binding to OsATG8 and OsCDC48-6 and controls its 26 S proteasome-dependent stability. OsPUX8B.2 and OsCDC48-6 positively regulate plant immunity against blast fungus, while the high-temperature tolerance heat-shock protein OsBHT, a putative cytoplasmic substrate of OsPUX8B.2-OsCDC48-6, negatively regulates defense against blast infection. MoNLE1 promotes the nuclear migration and degradation of OsPUX8B.2 and disturbs its association with OsBHT. Given the high conservation of MoNLE1 among fungal isolates, plants with broad and durable blast resistance might be generated by engineering intracellular proteins resistant to MoNLE1.

Transcriptomic and intervention evidence reveals domestic dogs as a promising model for anti-inflammatory investigation.

Domestic dogs have great potential to expand our understanding of the determinants of aging. To understand the aging pattern of domestic dogs and evaluate whether they can be used as an aging model, we performed RNA sequencing on white blood cells from domestic dogs aged 1-9 years and treated aged dogs with classical antiaging approaches. We obtained 30 RNA sequencing libraries and identified 61 age-associated genes with dynamic changes, the majority of which were related to metabolism and immune function, which may be predominant biomarkers for aging in dogs. We next treated aged dogs with canine mesenchymal stem cells (cMSCs), nicotinamide mononucleotide, and rapamycin to determine whether and how they responded to the antiaging interventions. The results showed that these treatments can significantly reduce the level of inflammatory factors (IL-6 and TNF-α). MSCs effectively improved the heart functions of aged dogs. Three key potential age-related genes (PYCR1, CCRL2, and TOX) were reversed by MSC treatment, two of which (CCRL2 and TOX) are implicated in immunity. Overall, we profiled the transcriptomic pattern of domestic dogs and revealed that they may be a good model of aging, especially in anti-inflammatory investigations.

The immune cell infiltration-associated molecular subtypes and gene signature predict prognosis for osteosarcoma patients.

Host immune dysregulation involves in the initiation and development of osteosarcoma (OS). However, the exact role of immune cells in OS remains unknown. We aimed to distinguish the molecular subtypes and establish a prognostic model in OS patients based on immunocyte infiltration. The gene expression profile and corresponding clinical feature of OS patients were obtained from TARGET and GSE21257 datasets. MCP-counter and univariate Cox regression analyses were applied to identify immune cell infiltration-related molecular subgroups. Functional enrichment analysis and immunocyte infiltration analysis were performed between two subgroups. Furthermore, Cox regression and LASSO analyses were performed to establish the prognostic model for the prediction of prognosis and metastasis in OS patients. The subgroup with low infiltration of monocytic lineage (ML) was related to bad prognosis in OS patients. 435 DEGs were screened between the two subgroups. Functional enrichment analysis revealed these DEGs were involved in immune- and inflammation-related pathways. Three important genes (including TERT, CCDC26, and IL2RA) were identified to establish the prognostic model. The risk model had good prognostic performance for the prediction of metastasis and overall survival in OS patients. A novel stratification system was established based on ML-related signature. The risk model could predict the metastasis and prognosis in OS patients. Our findings offered a novel sight for the prognosis and development of OS.

A three-dimensional network structure of metal-based nanozymes for the construction of colorimetric sensors for the detection of antioxidants.

Although many excellent nanozymes have been developed, designing and synthesizing highly active nanozymes is still challenging. Here, we developed a metal-based nanozyme (metal = Co, Fe, Cu, Zn) with a three-dimensional network structure. It possesses excellent peroxidase activity and catalyzes the reaction between H2O2 and TMB to produce blue oxTMB, while antioxidants have different reducing power on the oxidation product of TMB (oxTMB), which leads to different absorbance and color changes. Using these color reactions, different nanozymes were used to form a colorimetric sensor array with seven antioxidants, and seven antioxidants were sensitively identified. And the differences between the three nanozymes were compared by density functional theory calculations and enzyme kinetic curve results. In conclusion, the colorimetric sensor array based on metal-based nanozymes provides a good strategy for the identification and detection of antioxidants, which has a broad application prospect.

Melt-quenched glass formation of a family of metal-carboxylate frameworks.

Metal-organic framework (MOF) glasses are an emerging class of glasses which complement traditional inorganic, organic and metallic counterparts due to their hybrid nature. Although a few zeolitic imidazolate frameworks have been made into glasses, how to melt and quench the largest subclass of MOFs, metal carboxylate frameworks, into glasses remains challenging. Here, we develop a strategy by grafting the zwitterions on the carboxylate ligands and incorporating organic acids in the framework channels to enable the glass formation. The charge delocalization of zwitterion-acid subsystem and the densely filled channels facilitate the coordination bonding mismatch and thus reduce the melting temperature. Following melt-quenching realizes the glass formation of a family of carboxylate MOFs (UiO-67, UiO-68 and DUT-5), which are usually believed to be un-meltable. Our work opens up an avenue for melt-quenching porous molecular solids into glasses.

Anthropometric and physical fitness indicators in the combine draft between the finalist and the eliminated player in the national basketball association all-star slam dunk contest.

Little is known about the difference of anthropometry and physical fitness between the finalist and eliminated player in the NBA all star slam dunk contest. This study aimed to compare the difference on anthropometric and physical fitness indicator in the combine draft between finalist and eliminated player in the national basketball association all star slam dunk contest. Draft data of 32 basketball players (N = 32, age in draft year: 20.69±2.28 years old, height without shoes: 196.75±8.68 cm, weight: 96.85±10 kg, body fat percentage: 6.07±1.23%) participating in the 2000-2015 draft and 2003-2023 slam dunk contest was selected from national basketball association database. It was classified into finals group (FG) (N = 16) and elimination group (EG) (N = 16). Independent sample t-test with cohen's d was adopted for evaluating the statistical significance of intergroup difference and its effect size. The result indicates that Finalist group was significant less than elimination group on height without shoes (FG vs EG: 193.43±9.47 cm vs 200.06±6.52 cm, P<0.05), standing reach (FG vs EG: 257.66±12.32 cm vs 268.29±10.03 cm, P<0.05) and weight (FG vs EG: 93.38±7.37 kg vs 100.33±11.25 kg, P<0.05). Conversely, compared to elimination group,finalist group has significant better performance on three quarter court sprint (FG vs EG: 3.15±0.1 s vs 3.26±0.12 s, P<0.05), standing vertical jump (FG vs EG: 84.88±5.13 cm vs 78.83±4.9 cm, P<0.05) and max vertical jump (FG vs EG: 102.39±6.47 cm vs 94.79±8.34 cm, P<0.05). However, effect size analysis indicated that height without shoes,standing reach,weight (cohen's d = 0.73-0.959, 0.7≤cohen's d<1.3, moderate) from the anthropometric indicator and three quarter court sprint, standing vertical jump, and max vertical jump (cohen's d = 0.97-1.21, 0.7≤cohen's d<1.3, moderate) from physical fitness indicator has moderate effect size, whereas effect size of body fat percentage, wingspan and lane agility time (cohen's d = 0.31-0.67, 0.3≤cohen's d<0.7, small) was small. To conclude, specific anthropometric and physical fitness indicator shows clear difference between finals group and elimination group. Height without shoes, standing reach,weight in anthropometry and three quarter court sprint, standing vertical jump, and max vertical jump in physical fitness are key indicator to slam dunk performance. In line with the result in the study, NBA staff can select suitable rookies for slam dunk contest. Similiarly, coach from NBA or other basketball league, who want to improve the player's slam dunk performance, should use specific training programs to develop the slam dunk-related indicator.